MicrophoneVocal recording and effects chains include, depending on the performance, a de-esser, a noise gate, an equalizer, and a compressor. Frequently, engineers also add effects like chorus, delay, tape saturation (unless recording to tape, of course,) and reverb, to enhance the sound.

In a pro studio, most of this treatment is handled by expensive hardware and plugins (like those from Waves and UAD.) But you don't have to break the bank to polish up your vocal tracks thanks to the many libraries of free plugins found on the Internet, most available for any DAW that supports the VST standard.

I've compiled a list of the best plugins for a killer free vocal chain, along with a sample of the plugins at work on one of my vocal tracks.

The Plugins

De-esser: Spitfish [Windows and Mac]

Noise gate: Floorfish [Windows and Mac]

EQ: Nyquist EQ [Windows and Mac]
Also consider Kjaerhus Classic EQ [Windows only] and Paris EQ [Windows only]

Compressor: Kjaerhus Classic Compressor [Windows only]
Also consider MJCompressor [Windows and Mac] and blockfish [Windows and Mac]

Reverb: DX Reverb Lite [Windows and Mac]
Also consider Glaceverb [Windows only], Ambience [Windows and Mac], and Kjaerhus Classic [Windows only]

Tape Saturation: JS Magneto [Windows only]
Also consider Saturator [Windows only] and Voxengo tube amp [Windows only]

Although I haven't included them the example below, the following plugins are also suitable for a vocal effects chain:

Chorus: Kjaerhus Classic Compressor [Windows only]

Delay: Bionic Delay [Windows only] and Kjaerhus Classic [Windows only]

Limiter: W1 [Windows and Mac]

Building The Chain

A vocal performance starts in the singer's diaphragm, travels through her throat and mouth, to the air, the microphone, then the speakers, and finally the listener's ears. In general, I like my signal chain to reflect this path, by placing each effect in the same order as the physical property it adjusts. So:

  • A de-esser modifies the effect of the singer's tongue and teeth.
  • A noise gate is analogous to the singer's lips, opening and closing.
  • Equalizers and compressors, in some ways, address the result of microphone selection and placement.
  • Finally, reverb and delay simulate the space in which the vocal is heard, analogous to the listener's ears at the end of the chain.

These are just guidelines, of course. You can combine effects in any order to achieve a specific sound. (For example, put reverb before the compressor for a pumping reverb effect.) However, this "vocal path" approach is a good starting point for most vocal effects chains, especially if your goal is simply a polished track.

Hear it in action

I'll illustrate the effectiveness of these free plugins with the vocal from On My Feet Again. Here's a short section from the original, raw track, recorded with an SM58 directly into my mixing board:

 [download MP3]

There are some obvious issues with this recording:

  • It's dull: I chose the SM58 for this song because I like the way it saturates my "loud" voice. But that pleasant dynamic saturation comes at a price: Reduced clarity in the high frequencies.
  • The dynamics are uneven: Notice how much the second "still" jumps out. Ideally, I should have re-recorded for a more even performance. But I liked the energy in this take, and since I knew I'd be compressing the track anyway, I decided to keep it.
  • There's sibilance: I could have eased up on those S's a little.
  • It's dry: This is by design, as I wanted to keep my room sound out of the recording. However, a track this dry often sounds unnatural or harsh when mixed with other instruments, especially when those instruments (like the drum kit in On My Feet Again) have an open, ambient sound.

To address these issues, I choose a straightforward approach:
De-ess -> Gate -> EQ -> Compression -> Tape saturation -> Reverb
Of course, this chain isn't suitable for treating all vocal tracks. But each effect here is appropriate, given the issues identified above.

Sonar Project View

The de-esser (Spitfish) is tuned to roughly 7Khz, at a medium depth, just enough to soften the worst of the sibilants.

In the quieter parts of this song, the noise gate action is pronounced, gating out my breathing. But in this sample, it doesn't have much work to do. My inhalation sounds add urgency here, and I didn't want to cut them out completely.

I used the equalizer primarily to address the dullness I mentioned. The main causes of the dark sound are the SM58′s frequency response, and the proximity effect - I sang with the mic almost touching my lips. So I rolled off the low frequencies, everything below roughly 130Hz, and gently boosted the top-end, above 3Khz:
Equalizer

To address the uneven dynamics, I started with the Classic Compressor's vocal preset, set the threshold appropriately, and boosted the ratio just past 5:1. That's fairly aggressive compression for a vocal track, but I think the "squashed" sound really suits the song.
Kjaerhus Compressor

Finally, the reverb. I placed this plugin on a bus (or "effect send" in some DAWs,) instead of directly on the vocal track, mostly out of habit. I find it more convenient to adjust the reverb level without having to open the plugin interface. Also, while it's not relevant in this case, I often use the same reverb effect on several tracks (for example, vocals and acoustic guitar) to place the tracks in the same "space," and using a bus lets me do this with only a single instance of the plugin.

So putting it all together, here's the processed sample:

 [download MP3]

A vast improvement, and it didn't cost me a penny! (And you can hear the final vocal in context here.)

The plugins I used to build the free vocal chain are my personal favorites, but we all work differently so they might not suit your style. (The Nyquist EQ, in particular, is less-than-intuitive if you're used to traditional parametric equalizers.) Fortunately, there are hundreds of free plugins offered on the Internet. If you'd like to tweak this chain for your own uses, check out Audio Mastermind's list of free VST plugins.

Bookmark: Digg | Delicious | Reddit | MyYahoo

For more articles on recording vocals, and home recording in general,
Subscribe to the Hometracked feed.

Tags: , ,